```prolog
% Observable biological traits for identifying cats and dogs
% Based on static image analysis with ranked diagnostic reliability

% Muzzle Structure
short_muzzle.
rounded_muzzle.
distinct_stop.
straight_nasal_bridge.
narrow_nose.
smooth_rounded_tip.
nose_pad_below_eyes.
pointed_ears.
upright_ears.
narrow_set_ears.
vertical_slit_pupils.
eyes_set_high_on_face.
whiskers_extend_horizontally.
narrow_vertically_aligned_pad.
tail_tapers_to_fine_point.
base_narrower_than_head_width.
head_appears_large.
slender_neck.
compact_body.

% Dog traits (secondary confirmation)
long_muzzle.
prominent_stop.
convex_nasal_bridge.
larger_nose.
blunt_or_upturned_tip.
nose_pad_prominent.
variable_ear_shapes.
wider_set_ears.
round_pupils.
eyes_level_with_nose_tip.
whiskers_extend_forward_downward.
broad_horizontally_oriented_pad.
tail_blunt_or_bushy.
base_wider_than_head_width.
head_proportionally_smaller.
thicker_neck.
distinct_shoulder_hip_separation.

% Decision rules for classification
dog :- long_muzzle; prominent_stop; convex_nasal_bridge; larger_nose; blunt_or_upturned_tip; nose_pad_prominent; variable_ear_shapes; wider_set_ears; round_pupils; eyes_level_with_nose_tip; whiskers_extend_forward_downward; broad_horizontally_oriented_pad; tail_blunt_or_bushy; base_wider_than_head_width.
cat :- short_muzzle; rounded_muzzle; distinct_stop; straight_nasal_bridge; narrow_nose; smooth_rounded_tip; nose_pad_below_eyes; pointed_ears; upright_ears; narrow_set_ears; vertical_slit_pupils; eyes_set_high_on_face; whiskers_extend_horizontally; narrow_vertically_aligned_pad; tail_tapers_to_fine_point; base_narrower_than_head_width.

% Queries for classification
query(dog).
query(cat).
```